Generally, analog consoles are outfitted with semi-parametric EQs on every channel, and outboard processors are used for dynamics and effects processing (gates, comps, reverbs, delays, etc).Īuthor’s Note: For contrast, most modern digital consoles feature fully parametric EQ, gates and compressors on every channel, in addition to multiple effects processors.Īfter signal processing, all channels are eventually routed to the stereo main outputs and sent to the PA system for the crowd to enjoy, but first, you need to connect the console to the speakers. Most consoles have 8-32 channels, a few subgroups, stereo “main” outputs and multiple “aux” outputs for stage monitors and outboard effects. Every console is different, but they all serve the same function. It’s where all of your inputs (mics, instruments, FX, etc) are controlled, processed and routed to the appropriate outputs.
In order to do that, you need to know how all the pieces of the PA system work together.įor the purposes of this article, we’re going to use a passive analog PA system to run front of house and monitors, in order to demonstrate how everything works in full detail.
You need to know where the signal is coming from, where it needs to go and how to get it there at all times. Without it, there’s no music, and you’re not much of an engineer at all, actually. The most important skill you can have as a live sound engineer is a solid understanding of signal flow.
It’s equal parts signal flow, miking technique, ear training, problem-solving, psychology and customer service. What I’m trying to say here, is just because you know your way around Pro Tools doesn’t mean you’re qualified to run a live show. They both have their ups and downs (*wink wink*), and while they may seem essentially the same, we all know there’s a world of difference. The other is about experiencing something in the moment and reacting to situations in real time. It’s designed to be as appealing as possible and there’s little concern for realism.
The differences between studio engineering and live sound are like the differences between porn and sex. OK, this is gonna get kind of weird, so bear with me…